ADJUNCTS (ADVERBIALS) - WEEK THREE

WEEK 3

5. CLASS: SS1
5. SUBJECT: ENGLISH STUDIES
5. TOPIC:

1. Grammar: Adjuncts (Adverbials)
2. Vocabulary Development: Other Expressions Associated with Religion
3. Oracy Skills: Listening Comprehension: Listening for summary through Identifying key words

5. Specific objective: By the end of the lesson, students should be able to:

1. Define adjuncts and make sentence of their own using adjuncts.
2. Explain the meaning of the words and make good and correct sentences with them.
3. List the keywords as identified from the passage.

TOPIC 1: ADJUNCTS (ADVERBIALS)

(MEANING)

1. An adjunct (an adverbial) is a word or a phrase added to a sentence to give you more information about a doing or an action.
2. Adjuncts are basically adverbials modifying verbs. They are adverbs or phrases that add meaning to the verb in sentence or parts of sentences.
3. Adjunct can also be explained as a word or group of words which tells us when, where, why, how often and how an action is or was performed. (eg) ‘She went home yesterday’ and ‘He ran away in a, panic.’  (‘yesterday’ and ‘panic’ are adjuncts.)  

Functions of Adjuncts

Unlike adverbs, adjuncts are not just single words that belong to the class of adverbs. They can be a group of words and they can be in the form of the following:

1. The noun phrase to indicate time, as in: the previous week, last year, two hours ago etc
2. Adverbs or adverb phrases that function as adverbs to indicate manner; as in: so suddenly, quickly, very slowly.
3. The prepositional phrase to show time and place, e.g, in the backyard, after the party by the special grace of God etc

Types of Adjunction (Adverbial)

1. Adjunct of time (When?)
2.  Adjunct of Place (Where?)
3. Adjunct of Reason (Why?)
4. Adjunct of Purpose (Why?)
5. Adjunct of Manner (How?)

1. Adjunct of Time: is a word or group of words which tell us when an action is or was performed. (Example)

1. They met last year.
2. I will be there by two O’clock.

2. Adjunct of Place: is a word or group of words that tell us where an action is or was performed. (Example)

1. It was found on the table.
2. I met him in the university.

3. Adjunct of Reason: is a word or group of words that tell us why an action is or was performed. (Example)

1. The student were making  noise since they have nothing doing.
2. The girls was beaten by the principals because of stealing.

4. Adjunct of Purpose: is also a word or group of words that tells us why an action is or was performed like adjunct of reason. (Example)

1. She wore her best so that she would emerge as Miss World.
2. He came here in order to meet with the coach.

5. Adjuncts of Manner: is a word or group of word that tells us how an action is or was performed. (Example)

1. The man quickly went away.
2. He caught the ball as if he were a goal keeper.

NB: For more on Adjuncts, see pages 162/163 of New Concept English Book 1

TOPIC 2: OTHER EXPRESSIONS ASSOCIATED WITH RELIGION.

5. WHAT IS RELIGION?: Religion is the belief in and worship of a God or gods.

They are:

1. Convert: Change one’s religious faith or other beliefs (eg) from traditional worship to Christianity.
2. Religious Fanatic: Person filled with excessive enthusiasm for something (eg) in religion
3. Hermit: A person living in solitude, especially for religious reasons.
4. Martyr: Person who is put to death or caused to suffer greatly for his religious believes.
5. Saint: A holy person venerated (respected) by the church after death.
6. Agnostic: A person who believes that nothing can be known about God or of anything except material things.
7. Pantheist: A person who believes that God is in everything and that everything in God.
8. Atheist: One who does not believe in the existence of God.
9. Monotheist: One who believes in one God.
10. Polytheist: One who believes in many gods.

4. TOPIC 3: LISTENING FOR SUMMARY THROUGH IDENTIFYING KEY WORDS

• Summary is a brief statement of the main point of something while keywords is a significant words mention in an index.
• It is important to identify the relevant topic sentences signalled by these words before making a summary of the presentation by putting the sentences together.
• Keywords that aid summary of speeches, lectures etc are:

5. In addition
5. As well as
5. First
5. Second
6. Third
5. Also
5. Furthermore
5. Despite
5. Moreover etc

EVALUATION AND ASSIGNMENT

TOPIC 1:

1. What is Adjuncts?
2. List five (5) types of adjuncts that you know with examples of each.
3. Study the following sentences, write out and name the adjuncts contained in each:

1. He was at home.
2. Uche preached as though he were a vicar.
3. You must see the principal when you come back.
4. Ada wore the dress so that she would be recognized.

4. Complete the table below with different forms of adjuncts. The first one has been done for you.

TOPIC 2:

1. What is Religion?
2. Make good and correct sentences with the following words:

(i) Convert, (ii) Martyr, (iii) Atheist, (iv) Hermit, (v) Polytheist 

TOPIC 3:

Read the passage on unit 9, page 227 (UNICEF) of New Concept English Book 1 and answer the questions on pages 110/111 on listening comprehension