WEEK 4: BASKET–BALL: HISTORY AND DEVELOPMENT

                Week 4

BASKET – BALL: HISTORY AND DEVELOPMENT

Basketball was originated by Dr. James A. Naismith in America in the year 1891, when he was the physical education instructor at the International Training College, in Springfield Massachusetts, USA.

Basketball was invented when Dr. Luther Gulick asked his students to design a game which could be played indoors, during winter.

Due to the International influence of the game, many countries learnt the game, which resulted in the formation of the International. Basketball Federation in 1932 (FIBA).The game was introduced into the Olympic games held in Berlin Germany in 1936.

ORIGIN OF BASKETBALL IN NIGERIA

It is generally believed that two American Peace Corps, Messrs D. Smith and F. Morton who were sent to schools popularized the game in Nigeria. In 1965, the Nigerian Basketball Association was formed. Also in1965, Nigeria took part in basketball at the first All African Games, in Congo Brazzaville. In 1973, Basketball featured in the first National Sports Festival. Today Basketball is a popular sport in Nigeria.

NATURE OF BASKETBALL

Basketball is played by both men and women with hands by dribbling, tapping, passing and rolling the ball in a rectangular flat and hard surface court. It is played by two teams of 12 players, each team with 5 players on each side at a given period. The purpose of the game is to throw the ball into the opponent’s basket and prevent the other team from scoring, the game is started with a jump ball at the center circle after which they had taken a toss to choose ends.

The game of basketball last for 40 minutes divided into 20 minutes each half with an interval of 10 minutes to 15 minutes. The team with the highest number of points wins the game.

BASKETBALL FACILITIES AND EQUIPMENT

1. The Court:- The court is rectangular in shape, with a length of 28m and width of 15m. The court is divided into two equal halves by a centre line. There is a centre circle at the centre and one restraining circle, which is at the centre of the court.

The restricted areas are situated in each half of the court, which is bounded by free-throw line. The lane side lines are divided into three lanes of 85cm each and a neutral zone of 40cm beyond is 1.75m.

 BASKETBALL EQUIPMENT

The basketball equipment are:-

1. The ball 2. The net 3. Team throw indicator 4. Scoreboard 5. Game clock 6. Time-out watch 7. Twenty-four second’s clock 8. Foul markers 9. Team bench 10. Vest 11. Shorts 12. Basketball shoes 13. Wrist band 14. Knee caps 15. Head band.

BASIC SKILLS IN BASKETBALL

1. Catching:- When catching the ball, the eyes should be focused on it, the hands should make a cup as the ball is advancing, the catch gives in as soon as the ball comes in contact with the hands. Eye-ball-hand coordination is very essential in catching.
2. Shooting:- This involves putting the ball into the net with the aim of making or scoring a point. The skills of shooting includes:

1. Lay-up shot, b. set or foul shot, jump shot and pivot shot.

3. Passing:- This involves throwing and catching the different types of passes are – chest pass, b. bounce pass, c. under arm pass, d. overhead pass, e. Javelin or baseball pass and roll pass
4. Dribbling:- This is the process of bouncing the ball continuously, while standing or moving without allowing it to rest on the hand while dribbling the ball, the two hands should not touch the ball at the same time. The two classifications of dribbling are:-

• Low dribbling and
• High dribbling

5. Footwork:- This involves moving with the ball, stopping, changing direction and pivoting to create chance for a pass.
6. Guarding (shielding):- This involves proper use of body, arm and feet to protect the ball to prevent the opponent from getting the ball.
7. Offence:- This is used to disorganize a defence to make way for shooting offensive strategies includes, fast break, screening, dribbling, change of direction and faking.
8. Defence:- The two methods of team defence are:- Man to man and zone defence. Defence is used to stop an opposing team from scoring.
9. Fake and faint:- This is an action of a player designed to mislead or deceive the opponents and put him off balance.

RULES OF BASKETBALL

Basketball has the greatest rules when compared with other games, some of the rules are:-

1. If a player commits five personal fouls he is sent out of the games, example blocking, holding, pushing, and indulging in any rough or violent play.
2. The ball must not be kicked
3. An attacking player is not allowed in the opponent restricted area beyond or more than three seconds.
4. T team with the ball must move from its own half of the court and cross with the ball to the opponent’s court within ten seconds.
5. A technical foul occur as a result of a player’s mis-conduct such as disrespect of officials, delaying the game unnecessary or illegal entry into the court without an official approval.
6. A team forfeits the game if its refuse to play after being instructed to do so by the referee
7. A goal from the free throw is counted a 1 point. A goal is scored from the field of play if an opponent correctly put the ball in the basket, such a goal is counted a 2 points, but if a goal is scored from the three points scored line, it is counted as three 3 points.
8. A multiple foul occurs where two or more team mates commits personal fouls against an opponent.
9. A player is not permitted to run with the ball.

10. There should be no double dribble.

11. A double foul occurs at the station where two opponent, commits fouls against each other at the same time.

Evaluation Questions

1. In 3 lines give a brief history of basketball.
2. In 3 lines also, give the origin of basketball in Nigeria.
3. List and explain two facilities in basketball.