WEEK 7 (A) INTONATION - RISING AND FALLING TUNE and (B) CONSONANT SOUNDS - LATERAL AND LIQUID

                                 WEEK 7

Topics- (A) INTONATION - RISING AND FALLING TUNE

             (B) CONSONANT SOUNDS - LATERAL AND LIQUID

Specific Objectives: By the end of this lesson, the students should be able to:

(1) give the meaning of intonation. 

(2) state two types of intonation and what each is used for. 

(3) indicate the tune used in given utterances.

(4) write out sounds that are classified as lateral and liquid and identify same in listed words.        

                             PERIOD 1

Topic-        INTONATION - RISING TUNE

Step 1- Meaning of Intonation

Intonation is the rising and falling of tune while speaking. It shows the attitude of the speaker to those spoken to or to the subject of discussion. It shows the level of pitch (modulation), that is how high or how low the voice is when one is speaking. In fact, it is a variation of pitch.

Step 2- Types of intonation

             (A) Falling tune

              (B) Rising tune

 Rising Tune:

The rising tune is indicated with an arrow pointing upwards (/). It is used to indicate a rise in the pitch of the voice. Its uses are:

(1) To ask polar questions- These are questions that require yes or no as the answer. Examples: 

(a) Is English your best subject? /

(b) Are you going to take the job? /

(2) To make requests:

(a) Close that door, please. /

(b) Could you give me your biro? /

(3) To make polite statements:

(a) Please don't be offended. /

(b) Come in, please /  

(4) To make protest:

(a) we do not want him here again. /

(b) I shall not eat anymore. /

(5) For greetings:

(a) Good morning /

(b) Good afternoon /

(6) For listing items:

(a) We need some rice /, beans /, fish /and meat.\

(b) There are five items in the shop. They are: cups/, bags/, chairs/, books/, and tins/.

(7) In utterances showing indifference: 

(a) You can do what you want. /

(b) If you want to. /

PERIOD 2

Topic - FALLING TUNE

The falling tune is indicated with an arrow pointing to a downward direction (\).

It is used to indicate when the pitch of the voice falls.

Its uses are:

(1) In statements:

(a) John works hard in school. \

(b) She got it right. \

(2) Giving commands

(a) Leave the door open.\

(b) Close the door quickly \

(3) In exclamations:

(a) Oh, my Lord ! \

(b) How awful ! \

(4) In responding to yes or no questions:

(a) Are they hear? Yes \

(b) Will they come? No \

(5) In asking wh questions:

(a) Why are you not happy? \

(b) What is your name? \

PERIOD 3

TOPIC - CONSONANT SOUNDS - LATERAL AND LIQUID:

/L/ and /r/ are sometimes described as fricatives because their production also involves some frictional noise but these consonants are actually classified as lateral and liquid respectively.

In the production of /L/, the tip of the tongue makes contact with the alveolar ridge and this contact causes a partial obstruction of the air stream which however, passes along the sides of the tongue. The vocal cords vibrate and the sound is therefore a voiced alveolar lateral.The usual spelling symbol is 'L' but the 'L' is silent in words like palm, walk, yolk, could, should etc.

/r/ is a liquid sound that is articulated when the tip of the tongue comes very near (but does not actually touch) the alveolar ridge. The rims of the tongue touch the upper molars while the airstream passes over the center of the tongue without friction. The vocal cord vibrate so that /r/ is a voiced frictionless liquid. It does not occur at the end of a word unless the next word that follows begins with a vowel. Example- for ever, after all, for a year, for instance. 

Evaluation Questions:

(1) What is intonation? 

(2)  (a) State two types of intonation you know.

       (b) What are the uses of each of them?

(3) Indicate the tune used in the following sentences:

       (a) I suppose so.

       (b) Do, sit down.

       (c) You can go into the hall with a pen, pencil, eraser and a ruler.

       (d) Have you come back from London?

       (e) Which of the gowns would you like to wear?

       (f) I may come tonight

(4) (a) Write out sounds that are classified as lateral and liquid.

      (b) Identify the above sounds in the following words. For each word, write out the symbol for the identified sound.

(1) lord  (2) sugar  (3) rake  (4) murder  (5) believe  (6) ferry   (7) manner    (8) would

 Assignment:

Generate ten sentences of your own using the right tune. Five for falling tune and five for rising tune